清入关前六部浅析

The Analysis of Six Departments in the Early of Qing Dynasty

清入关前六部,是清廷在八旗共治体制下仿照明制建立的行政机构。此文从六部的设立、职能的发展及性质转变三方面,对入关前六部逐步设立的过程、职能的动态发展及入关前后性质的转变等内容进行初步探讨,进而说明入关前六部由天命年间专门负责处理八旗公共事务的官员发展而来,部门设立后,职能在天聪年间逐步完善,开始成为太宗借以监督八旗的工具,崇德年间,职权进一步扩大,但是直到崇德末年并未实现对八旗的完全控制和约束。清军入关后,随着国家社会经济基础的变化,六部逐步由八旗共治体制下的行政机构转变成为封建集权制下的中央国家机关。

In the Political Report of the Party＇ s 19th Congress,General Secretary Xi Jinping clearly put Follow the system of Ming dynasty, Six Departments in the early of Qing Dynasty was the ad-ministrative body established under the system of eight flags. This article discusses the process of establishmentof the Six Departments, the dynamic development of its functions, and the transformation of its nature. It showedthat the Six Departments were developed by officials who were specifically responsible for handling the publicaffairs of the Eight Flags during the Tianming period. After the establishment of the Department, the functionsgradually improved during the Tiancong period and began to become a tool for Taizong to supervise the EightFlags. During the Chongde period, the powers were further expanded. However, until the end of the Chongde pe-riod, it did not achieve complete control and restraint of the Eight Flags. After the Qing army entered the Shan-haiguan, with the changes in the country’s socio-economic base, the Six Departments gradually changed fromthe administrative institutions under the eight-flag co-governance system to the central state organs under thefeudal centralized system.