失却真理性的意志冲动——易卜生戏剧《野鸭》解析

The Impulsion of Will without Sense of Truth: Approaching the Cause of Tragedy in Ibsen's Play The Wild Duck

黑格尔的客观精神哲学以自由及其实现为核心,其所包含的法、道德和伦理是自由从抽象到主观再到现实的三个阶段。道德阶段是主体的自由意志和行为选择,以善为规定,以良心为最高形式。善自由的实现,是真理中的意志。善被自觉认识并存在于心就是良心。良心并非就是善的,无普遍性内容的、形式的良心是任意。意志对其行为负有责任,道德的目的是真理与正义。黑格尔客观精神哲学为易卜生的戏剧《野鸭》中悲剧成因及剧作家艺术观的深层研究提供了全新独特的视角:个体认识的主观性和外部世界的客观必然性使善良意志成为失却真理性的冲动,也使剧作家处于理想要求与犬儒主义的两难之中。

G. W. Hegers philosophy of objective spirit is focused on freedom and the actualization of freedom, with right, morality and ethics as the three stages from the abstract to subjective and actual. Morality is the individuars free will and choice of action, ruled by the principle of goodness and assuming con- science as its highest level. Goodness means the actualization of freedom and the will in truth. The conscious acknowledgement of goodness and goodness kept in mind makes conscience, which is not in itself good, since conscience with no sense of universal truth is artificial and willful. Will should be responsible for its action; morality aims at truth and justice. This philosophy of Hegers provides a brand new approach to the cause of tragedy in Ibsen＇s play The Wild Duck, and dissolves the author＇s ambivalence about the mission of artists. The subjective will of the individual without rational awareness of the reality of the objective outside world proves to be the blind impulsion and throws the playwright into a dilemma between pressing ＂claim of ideal＂ and depressed cynicism.