飞地与现实:萨特的知识论探析——回到《马克思主义和存在主义》

The Enclave and Reality of Sartre's Epistemology:Returning to Marxism and Existentialism

理论与实践之间关系的厘清,不能陷入理论上的教条主义,更不能使实践变为乱序的经验主义。当理论与实践变为一个同质性领域时,意识形态论、现象学和实践哲学的本真就在于强化自身作为飞地般的存在,以及观照于现实历史。在意识形态与知识的实践之间,在知识的内化性与信仰的主观性之间,在知识与实践的普遍性与个体性取舍之间,萨特的《马克思主义和存在主义》的旨归就在于界划"辩证理性",同时澄清现实前提,并诉诸知识论意义的考察。

Clarifying the relationship between theory and practice can not fall into theoretical dogmatism, let alone make practice be the out-of-order empiricism. While theory and practice are in a homogeneous field, the essence of ideology, phenomenology and practical philosophy is to reinforce itself as an enclave as well as show concern on the history of reality. Between the ideology and the practice of knowledge, the internalization of knowledge and the subjectivity of faith, and the choice on universality and individuality of knowledge and practice, Sartre＇s Marxism and Existentialism orients delineating the ＂dialectical rationality＂. At the same time, clarifying the premise of reality, and resorting to study the significance of theory of knowledge.