川西北藏区影响牧民参与生态补偿意愿的因素研究

Which Factors Contributing to Graziers’ Willingness to Participate in Ecological Compensation in Tibetan Areas,Northwest Sichuan

生态补偿是近年来推出的生态经济政策。民众参与生态补偿的意愿是政策实施的关键之一,为阻止川西北草原沙化的扩散,当地实施了草原生态保护补助奖励政策,瓦切镇99%以上人口都是藏族,具有独特的地域文化。通过在瓦切镇的调查,利用二分类Logistic回归法建立模型,得出影响瓦切镇牧民参与生态补偿意愿的主要因素为养殖牦牛规模、藏文化中对植被环境保护的生态观念、生产方式、对过度放牧的认知、是否了解草原生态保护补助奖励政策的含义以及是否愿意改变现有的家庭产业。说明除经济因素以外,藏文化因素和社会认知情况也影响了牧民参与生态补偿政策的意愿。该研究完善了现有生态补偿机制,为制定生态补偿政策提供依据。

Ecological compensation is an ecological economic policy pushed in recent years. A key aspect of the success of ecological compensation policy is the public willingness to participate. To prevent further spread of desertification, Subsidy and incentives system of grassland ecology protection program is carrying out here. In the town of Waqie, Hongyuan, more than 99 percent of the population is Tibetan nationality, where there is very distinctive regional culture. The study was conducted through the investigation and research in the town of Waqie, Hongyuan, and a model was established using the binary Logistic method. Finally, we found that the factors which influence the graziers＇ willingness to participate in the ecological compensation program are the scale of yaks, the ecological concept of vegetation environment protection cultural of Tibet, the mode of production, the cognition of overgrazing, the cognition of ecological compensation program, and the willingness to change the existing family industry. This showed, besides financial considerations, the factors of Tibetan culture and social cognition have an important influence on the willingness to participate in the program. Understanding factors that contribute to the willingness of graziers to participate in can be used in the design of new ecological compensation programs and the facilitation of the uptake of the existing ones.