基于GIS技术的地质灾害风险评价——以北川县开坪乡为例

Geological Disaster Risk Assessment Based on GIS Technology:Taking Kaiping Township of Beichuan County as An Example

地质灾害防治的一条有效途径就是进行地质灾害区划与风险研究,进一步圈定地质灾害高风险区域,可节约防治成本并达到风险评价的效果。北川县开坪乡地质地貌复杂,发育各类地质灾害,本文在地质灾害详细调查的基础上,拟对区内地质灾害进行风险性评价,以单个滑坡的体积、面积、高差、河流距离、岩性、变形迹象等因子作为分析单元,实现大比例尺范围内滑坡危险性区划;制作出区域内的地质灾害危险性图件与易发性图件;根据遥感影像解译,原有资料查询以及实际考察,制作开坪乡研究区域斜坡类型分布图;结合单个滑坡危险性及易损性,区域危险性及易损性,综合制作开坪乡区域风险性图件,完成对研究区进行有效地地质灾害风险区划。

An effective way for geological disasters prevention and control is to carry out geological disaster zoning and risk research and further delineate high risk areas of geological disasters to save prevention and control costs and achieve the effect of risk assessment. With the complex geology and geomorphology, all kinds of geological disasters developed in Kaiping County of Beichuan. On the basis of detailed geological disaster investigation, this paper in tends to make the risk assessment on the geological disaster in this area. Taking the factors of single landslide＇s volume, area, height difference, distance to the river, lithology and deformation signs as the analysis units, the land slide hazard zoning can be realized in a large-scale range, and the maps of the geological hazards risk and the geolog ical hazards susceptibility are made. Based on the interpretation of remote sensing image, original data query and the field investigation, the distribution map of the land types in the study area around Kaiping Township is made. Com bined with the danger and vulnerability of a single landslide and in this region, a comprehensive map of the surrounding regions of Kaiping Township is made. The effective geological disaster risk zoning of the study area is completed.