姜的制用源流

Source and Course of Ginger (Zingiberaceae) Processing

姜是具有悠久应用历史的中药,经过长期的演变,目前作为中药使用的主要有生姜、干姜、炮姜和姜炭,其药用植物来源均为姜科植物姜的根茎。通过本草考证及现代文献检索,分别从药用源流、性味归经与功效、加工方法、现代研究等方面进行探讨,明确4种姜入药分化的历史沿革与变迁和性、味、归经与功效的演变规律。但仍然存在以下问题:(1)对4种姜的化学成分及药理作用缺乏对比研究;(2)尚未认识到具体的单体活性成分;(3)未认识到四姜产生区别的实质性因素。认为深入开展药性物质研究将是从根本上明确四姜差别的关键所在,并建立"病证-效应-生物样本分析"结合研究功效物质的系统方法,在对证、有效的基础上,通过分析含药生物样本(血、脏腑组织等)获得对中药功效物质的认识,建立符合现代科学认知规律的中药药性表征体系及其规范标准,为开展同类中药的研究作出示范。

Ginger is a traditional Chinese medicine with a long history of application. After long-term evolution,Ginger,dry Ginger,backed Ginger and carbonized Ginger are the main processed drugs of Ginder used as traditional Chinese medicine. The medicinal plant source of Ginger is the roots of zingiberaceae Ginger. Through the research of herbal medicine and modern literature retrieval,we explored the origins,traits,effects,processing methods and modern research of medicinal sources,and clarified the historical evolution and changes of four kinds of Ginger drug differentiation in character,taste,meridian direction and clinical efficacy. However,the following problems still exist：① There is no comparative study on the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of the four processed products of Gingers.② The specific monomeric active ingredients have not been recognized.③ The substantive factors that distinguish the four processed products of Gingers are not recognized. It is believed that the in-depth study of medicinal substances would fundamentally clarify the key points of the difference between the four gingers,and establish a systematic method of ＂ sickness syndrome-effect-biological sample analysis＂. By combining researches on functional substances,on the basis of syndrome recognition and clinical effectiveness,through analysis of the biological samples containing drugs（ blood,viscera,etc.）,the understanding of the functional substances of traditional Chinese medicine can be obtained. By establishing a traditional Chinese medicine characterization system and its normative standards in line with the modern scientific cognition law,the research example of similar Chinese medicines would be set.