河南省茶叶中重金属污染和农药残留状况调查分析

Heavy metals contamination and pesticide residue in tea in Henan

目的了解河南省本地产茶叶中重金属污染和农药残留现状。方法在河南省茶叶主产区(信阳市、南阳市)以及省会郑州市采集100份本地产茶叶样品,样品来源于超市、专营店和农贸市场,按照国家标准检测方法检测茶叶中重金属(铅、镉、总汞、铬和总砷)和农药残留(氨基甲酸酯类、拟除虫菊酯类、和有机磷类农药共23种)的含量,检测结果参照国家标准GB 2762-2012《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》、GB 2763-2014《食品安全国家标准食品中农药最大残留限量》和NY 659-2003《茶叶中铬、镉、汞、砷及氟化物限量》进行评价。结果茶叶中均有不同程度重金属检出,汞超标率为3.08%,铅、镉、总砷、铬未见超标;检测到禁用农药三氯杀螨醇,检出率为5.00%;检出联苯菊酯、氯氟氰菊酯和毒死蜱,但均未超标。结论河南省本地产茶叶整体质量较好,重金属污染和农药残留水平较低,但个别禁用的高毒农药违规使用现象依然存在,应加强监管和宣传教育。

Objective To investigate the situation of heavy metals contamination and pesticide residue inlocaltea in Henan province. Methods 100 local tea samples were collected from 3 city in Henan province in 2015 to detect the contents of heavy metals（lead, cadmium, mercury, chromium and arsenic） and pesticide（carbamates, pyrethriods and organophosphorus pesticide） residue according to the national food safety standards, all the food were sold at supermarkets, specialty store and farmers＇ markets. The test results were evaluated according to the GB2762-2012,GB 2763-2014, and NY 659-2003. Results Different levels of heavy metals were detected in tea, where only the content of mercury in tea exceeded the standard（standard exceeding rate was 3.08 %）, andthe contents of lead,cadmium, chromium, and arsenic did not exceed the standard. The dicofol, which was banned in tea, was detected in sample with a detection rate 5.00 %. The bifenthrin, cyhalothrin, and dursban were detected in tea, where their contents did not exceed the standard.Conclusions The heavy metals contamination and pesticide residue level in local tea in Henan was low, but very few banned high toxic pesticide was also detected, the supervision and publicity should be strengthened.