医务人员艾滋病职业暴露防护现状及对策

Current situation and the countermeasures of occupational exposure protection for medical staff in HIV

随着艾滋病(AIDS)疫情逐年增加,医务人员因职业原因,在诊断、治疗和护理工作中,常常会受到意外损伤或者意外职业暴露,医务人员发生艾滋病职业暴露的人数也逐渐增加。本文结合工作实际并查阅相关文献,对目前医务人员职业暴露的现状、常见危险因素、防护措施等方面进行简要的综述。目前艾滋病职业暴露以医务人员为主,尤其是临床护理人员占主要比例;暴露方式以针刺伤常见;暴露原因与医务人员自我防护意识的淡薄、处置操作不规范、工作繁重压力大有关。建议医疗机构应重视感染管理工作,加强职业暴露防护的培训,提高医务人员防护意识,提供充足的防护设备,能有效控制和预防医务人员HIV职业暴露的发生。

With the HIV/AIDS（AIDS） epidemic increased year by year, the medical staff for professional reasons, in the diagnosis, treatment and nursing, often will be affected by accidental injury or accidental occupational exposure, the number of medical staff to HIV/AIDS occupational exposure also gradually increased. Combining with the working practice and related literatures, the current situation of medical staff occupational exposure, common risk factors and protection measures were briefly reviewed. Current AIDS occupational exposure is given priority to with the medical staff, especially the clinical nursing staff accounted for the main proportion; Exposed way to needle stick injuries common; To expose the causes and the medical staff self protection consciousness weak, the disposal of operation is not standard, the heavy work pressure. Suggested that medical institutions should pay attention to the infection management work,strengthen the training of the occupational exposure protection, medical personnel protection awareness, provide adequate protective equipment, can effectively control and prevent the happening of the medical staff HIV occupational exposure.