广东省城市及农村妇幼保健机构运行效率比较

Comparison of operational efficiencies of maternal and child health care institutions between urban and rural areas in Guangdong

目的比较广东省城市及农村妇幼保健机构运行效率,为资源优化配置及政府制定服务需求政策提供依据。方法定期收集各级妇幼保健机构的人员、床位、资源配置和服务运营情况等基础数据,在国家妇幼卫生综合信息平台获取2014-2015年广东省妇幼保健机构的相关数据,主要包括基本情况、人力资源情况、设备情况、运营情况、服务提供情况、群体保健管理工作开展情况和科研管理情况等内容。运用数据包络分析方法 (DEA)及U检验对2014-2015年广东省妇幼保健机构的相关数据进行分析。结果 2014-2015年广东省所有妇幼保健机构的全要素生产率为0.973,总体下降了2.7%,规模效率指数、技术变化指数、效率变化指数分别为1.031、1.036、0.940。全要素生产率城市高于农村,城市平均为1.021,生产效率提高了2.1%,农村平均为0.934,生产效率下降了6.6%。城市和农村妇幼保健机构的效率变化主要由纯技术效率引起,全要素生产率变化由效率变化和技术变化共同影响。结论纯技术效率减退是导致效率变化下降的主因。技术变化在全省总体及城市和农村都是进步的。充分利用各投入要素,提高纯技术效率,加大对农村地区妇幼保健机构的投入,以提高农村地区医疗技术水平和效率。

Objective To compare the operational efficiencies of maternal and child health care institutions between urban and rural areas in Guangdong,provide a basis for optimizing the allocation of resources and developing service and demand strategies by the government.Methods The basic data was collected regularly,including personnel,beds,allocation of resources,and service operation. The related data of maternal and child health care institutions in Guangdong from 2014 to 2015 was obtained from national comprehensive information platform for women and children health care,the main contents included basic situations,human rescource,equipment,operation,service provider,population health care and management,and scientific research management. Data envelopment analysis（ DEA） and U test were used to analyze the related data of maternal and child health care institutions in Guangdong from 2014 to 2015. Results From 2104 to 2015,the total factor productivity of maternal and child health care institutions in Guangdong was 0. 973,decreasing by 2. 7%; scale efficiency index,technical change index,and efficiency change index were 1. 031,1. 036,and 0. 940,respectively. The total factor productivity in urban area（ 1. 021） was higher than that in rural area（ 0. 934）,the production efficienc increased by 2. 1% in urban areas and decreased by 6. 6% in rural areas. The changes of efficiency in maternal and child health care institutions in urban and rural areas in Guangdong were mainly induced by pure technical efficiency,total factor productivity was affected by efficiency change and technical change. Conclusion The decrease of pure technical efficiency is the main cause of decrease of efficiency change. In Guangdong,technical change increases in rural and urban areas. The input factors should be utilized fully to improve pure technical efficiency,increase investment of maternal and child health care institutions in rural areas in Guangdong,and improve technical level and efficiency of medical care in rural areas.