海口市学龄前儿童口腔健康状况的调查研究

Investigation and study on dental health status of preschool children in Haikou

目的通过了解海口市某幼儿园学龄前儿童口腔健康状况和儿童口腔卫生习惯,讨论儿童口腔健康问题的原因和口腔疾病防治的不足之处。方法 2015年6月选取海口市某幼儿园6岁学龄前儿童100名,对其进行口腔检查,记录口腔检查结果,并发放调查问卷,由其家长填写,了解儿童日常口腔健康行为及其口腔卫生习惯,进行数据筛选及统计分析,最终收回有效问卷93份。结果海口市某幼儿园儿童口腔疾病以龋病居高,患病率约69.89%,其次患病率较高者为色素沉着,患病率约12.90%。海口市儿童各六龄齿萌出率明显偏低,在口腔疾病干预情况中,龋齿充填率极低,仅充填率约8.41%,行窝沟封闭者仅1名,儿童口腔卫生习惯普遍较差。结论海口市儿童口腔疾病防治应以龋病为主,改善儿童口腔卫生习惯是首要任务;应改进儿童饮食结构,增加粗纤维食物摄入,起到防龋、促进颌骨生长的双重效果;应加大对儿童口腔健康教育的投入以及预防措施的施行力度,从而改善儿童口腔健康状况。

Objective To explore the causes of oral health problems and shortcomings of prevention and treatment of oral diseases in children by investigating oral health status and oral hygiene habits of preschool children in a kindergarten in Haikou. Methods In June2015,100 preschool children aged 6 years old were selected from a kindergarten in Haikou,oral examination was carried out,and the results were recorded,the parents were asked to finish the questionnaire to survey daily oral health behaviors and oral hygiene habits of these children,the data was screened and analyzed statistically,93 valid questionnaires were obtained finally. Results Dental caries was the most common dental disease among the children,the prevalence rate was 69. 89%,followed by hyperpigmentation（ 12. 90%）. The appearance rate of six-year teeth was relatively low. Among the intervention methods of oral diseases,the filling rate of dental caries was very low,which was 8. 41%. Only one child underwent pit and fissure sealing. Oral hygiene habits of children were generally poor. Conclusion The key point of prevention and treatment of oral diseases in children in Haikou is caries,the primary task is improvement of oral hygiene habits,dietary structure of children should be improved to increase the intake of food containing crude fiber,prevent caries,and promote jawbone growth. The investment in oral health education for children and implementation of preventive measures should be enhanced to improve oral health status of children.