汉代“古学”考辨

Textual Research on Chinese Ancient Learning in Han Dynasty

"古学"与"今学"之辨,是东汉经学界一大分野。"今学"治图谶而专守家法;"古学"尚兼通而不治章句图谶。二者的分野在昭宣时期,以经分各家、别自章句为标志,故与后世别立今、古文经学之说有所差异。"古学"为汉代人眼中之"先师"之学,"古文经学"则是后世学者以文字形制划分汉代学术派别后所治的学说。辨明"古学"之义,并考察"今学"与"古学"的融合,有助于厘清汉代学术变迁之大势。

The distinction between ^Ancient Learning＂ and Modem Learning＂ divided the Eastern Han dynasty＇s school of Confucian Classics into different factions during the period from Emperor ZhaoDi to Emperor XuanDi, based on their own espoused theories. u Mod-ern Learning＂ advocated the rule of prophecy and always stuck to their own theory, while ancient learning adhered to the compatibility and inclusion of ideas. The definition of the two could be so different from the modem definition of ＊＊new text Confucianism＂ and＊＊ old text Confucianism”. For example, “Antient Learning” was viewed as the study of the ‘‘forerunner” by the people of the time,while “old text Confucianism＂ was the theory of Confucian classics defined by later generations of scholars according to the written form. The research on Chinese ancient learning and on its integration with ＇＂Mmodem Learning＂ will help to clarify the trend of academic changes in the Han dynasty.