“私学”的词义与私学研究的论域

The Meaning of “Si Xue” and the Domain of “Si Xue” Studies

现代学者大多将"私学"视为"私人学校"的同义词,这是不恰当的。"学"字的本义是学识授受;"私学"一词的本义及核心词义是私人学识;"官学"一词原本特指国家及官府的学校,非"官学"者皆为"私学";"私学"与"官学"往往分二合一。因此,除国家及官府的学校及其教学活动外,一切学识、教育、学校,包括官宦贵族的家教、家学、家塾都属于私学范畴。无论词义考察,还是史实考察,都要求私学研究的论域必须涵盖一切私人的学识、教育和学校,并充分注意"私学"现象的复杂性及"私学"与"官学"相互关系的复杂性。

Modern scholars in the ＂Si xue＂ as a synonym for ＂private schools＂,it is not appropriate. ＂Xue＂ is the original meaning of knowledge;＂Si xue＂ and the core meaning of the word is the personal knowledge;＂Guan xue＂ is a term originally refers to national and governmental schools,＂non official＂ are ＂private＂;＂Si xue＂ and ＂Guan xue＂ is often divided in. Therefore,in addition to the national and the government＇s school and their teaching activities,all knowledge,education,school,including the tutor,family learning,family school of the courtiers and nobles,all belong to the category of ＂Si xue＂. No matter the meaning of study,or historical investigation,are required to study domain of ＂Si xue＂ must cover all personal knowledge,education and school,and pay attention to the complexity of ＂Si xue＂ phenomenon and the relationship between the ＂Si xue＂ and ＂Guan xue＂.