长期深慢波睡眠干扰对雄性大鼠生殖系统的影响

Effect of long-term deep slow-wave sleep deprivation on the reproductive system in male rats

目的探讨长期深慢波睡眠剥夺对雄性大鼠性腺轴及精子畸形率和睾丸结构的影响，并分析相关的机制。方法选择5周龄雄性SPF级健康Wistar大鼠30只，随机分为睡眠时相剥夺组（SD1组）、睡眠时相及时长剥夺组（SD2组）组和对照组，共3组，每组10只，利用小平台水环境法建立睡眠剥夺模型。SD1组每24min进行干扰一次，SD2组每24min剥夺8min睡眠，在夜间均进行12h的睡眠剥夺；对照组模拟正常12h光照，12h黑暗。28d后将大鼠股动脉放血处死，留取睾丸、附睾和血液，检测，分析各组大鼠精子畸变率、精子活率，附睾尾精子计数，通过酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）检测大鼠血清中睾酮、卯泡刺激素和黄体生成素水平。结果与对照组比较，SD2组大鼠附睾脏器系数升高，差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．05），精子活率下降差异有统计学意义（P2〈0．001，P〈0．05）。SD1和SD2组精子畸变率升高差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。附睾尾精子计数均下降，差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。大鼠激素FSH与T水平均有升高趋势，LH水平均有下降趋势。同时，病理结果显示：SD1组大鼠的少量的生精细胞可见变性、少数空泡化。SD2组中大鼠大部分生精细胞变性水肿、甚至空泡化显而易见，部分生精细胞甚至脱落至管腔，管腔中各级精子消失。结论长期深慢波睡眠剥夺会对大鼠睾丸结构产生损伤并影响精子活率和性激素，并增加精子畸变的风险。

Objective To investigate the effect of long-term deep slow-wave sleep deprivation on the gonad axis, sperm abnormality rate, and structure of the testis in male rats and possible mechanisms. Methods A total of 30 specific pathogen-free male Wistar rats aged 5 weeks were randomly divided into slow-wave sleep deprivation group 1 （SD 1 group）, slow-wave sleep and sleep time deprivation group 2 （SD2 group）, and control group, with 10 rats in each group. The flower pot method was used to establish a model of sleep deprivation. In addition to 12-hour sleep deprivation at night, the rats in the SDI group were given interference once every 24 minutes, and those in the SD2 group were deprived of sleep for 8 minutes every 24 minutes; the rats in the control group were given 12-hour light illumination and then placed in dark environment for 12 hours. All rats were sacrificed by exsanguination from the femoral artery, and the testis, the epididymis, and blood were collected for analysis. Sperm abnormality rate and sperm motility rate were measured, and cauda epididymal sperm counting was performed. ELISA was used to measure the serum levels of testosterone （T）, follicle- stimulating hormone （FSH）, and luteinizing hormone （LH）. Results Compared with the control group, the SD2 group had a significant increase in organ coefficient of the epididymis （P〈0.05） and a significant reduction in sperm motility rate （P〈0.05）. There were significant differences between the SD1 group and the SD2 group in the increase in sperm abnormality rate （P〈0.05） and the reduction in cauda epididymal sperm count （P〈0.05）. The levels of FSH and T tended to increase, and the level of LH tended to decrease. Pathological examination showed degeneration and vacuolization of a small amount of spermatogenic cells in the SD1 group; in the SD2 group, there were significant degeneration, edema, and vacuolization of most spermatogenic cells, some spermatogenic cells were observed in the lumen, and there were no sperms in the lumen. Conclusion Longterm deep slow-wave sleep deprivation impairs the structure of the testis, affects sperm motility rate and sex hormones, and increases the risk of sperm abnormality.