某市放射线接触人员眼晶状体异常分析

The health status of radiation workers and the analysis of crystalline lens results

目的了解南京市放射工作在岗人员健康现状，分析眼晶状体异常及其与影响因素的关系。方法于2016年1月1日-12月31日，选择放射工作3349名在岗人员的体检资料，针对体检资料中血压、血糖、甲状腺B超、眼晶状体、染色体指标进行统计学分析。结果调查发现3349名参检人员的血压、血糖、白细胞、甲状腺B超、眼晶状体异常率分别为19．0％、2．2％、5．8％、30．0％、3．6％，染色体畸变率为0．1％，染色体微核率指标均在正常范围内。晶状体总体异常率随着年龄、接害工龄的增加而提高，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；与低年龄组比较，360岁年龄组的晶状体异常风险增加了3．86倍；与低工龄组比较，≥30年工龄组的晶状体异常风险增加了3．16倍；医院放射组人员晶状体异常风险高于非医院人员；吸烟、饮酒生活方式未见可增加晶状体异常风险。从形态上来看，晶状体点状异常结果集中在30—39岁年龄段、0～9年工龄组，片状异常结果集中在≥60岁年龄组、≥30年工龄组；年龄、工龄均为片状异常的危险因素；放射组人员片状异常风险明显高于非医院人员。结论放射工作存在的危害因素对人体多项生理指标均有影响，其中晶状体异常问题较为突出，应重点做好眼部的防护以及全方面的健康管理。

Objective To understand the healthy status of radiation workers on the staff in Nanjing, and to analysis the relationship between abnormal crystalline lens and its influencing factors. Methods We described physical indicators including blood pressure （BP）, blood sugar （BG）, thyroid B ultrasound, crystalline lens, chromosome and so on among 3 349 radiation workers on the staff in the year 2016 from Jan 1 to Dec 31, and the abnormal results of crystalline lens were analyzed statistically. Results The rate of abnormal BP, BG, WBC, Thyroid B ultrasound, crystalline lens was 19.0%, 2.2%, 5.8%, 30.0%, 3.6% respectively; The rate of chromosome aberration was 0.1%, and the chromosomal mieronuclei are all within normal range. With the rate of abnormal crystalline lens increasing in age and working years, statistical significance both existed in the trend; Compared to the lowest group, the risk of abnormal crystalline lens increased 3.86 times in ≥ 60 year old group and 3.16 times in ≥ 30 years working group; The risk of abnormal crystalline lens in nosocomial radation group was higher than non-medical group; There＇s no found in smoking and drinking alcohol increasing the risk. Morphologically, dot abnormal focused on 30～39 years old and 0～9 working years group, while lamellar abnormal concentrated upon ≥60 year old, ≥30 working years group; Age and working-year were both the risk factors of lamellar abnormal; The risk of lamellar abnormal in nosocomial radiation group was significantly higher than non-medical group. Conclusion Existing nisk foetions in the radiation work has a serious impact on several healthy physiology indicators, the more prominent was crystalline lens. Attention should be paid to eye protection and comprehensive health management.