外泌体与肿瘤预转移龛形成的新进展

Role of tumor-derived exosomes in facilitating pre-metastatic niche formation

转移是影响肿瘤患者治疗效果与预后的最大障碍,揭示肿瘤转移机制对肿瘤诊疗水平提高具有重大意义.以往转移机制的研究多集中在原发瘤中癌细胞与间质细胞相互作用,而近年研究显示,原发瘤癌细胞也可释放一些活性物质随血循环到达靶器官,招募骨髓衍生细胞并与靶器官组织固有细胞相互作用,对靶器官组织微环境进行改造重塑,加速预转移龛形成,以利于转移在靶器官中的实现.其中,癌细胞来源的外泌体在介导原发瘤及远端靶器官预转移龛形成中发挥重要"桥梁"作用,本文就外泌体与肿瘤预转移龛形成的最新进展进行总结阐述.

Metastasis is the biggest obstacle to improving the treatment outcome and prognosis of tumor patients. A better understanding of tumor metastasis mechanism is of great significance to improve cancer diagnosis and treatment levels. Previous studies on metastasis mechanism mainly focus on the interaction between cancer cells and stroma cells in primary tumors. Currently, some studies reveal that soluble factors derived from primary tumor cells reach target organs via systemic circulation and recruit bone marrow-derived cells（BMDCs）. The recruited BMDCs interact with intrinsic cells to remodel the matrix microenvironment, ultimately facilitating the formation of pre-metastatic niche and the implementation of tumor metastasis in the target organ. Among them, cancer cell-secreted exosomes serve as an important bridge mediator to link primary tumor and pre-metastatic niche at distant target organ. This article reviews the latest discoveries on exosomes and their effect on pre-metastatic niche of tumor.