宜昌市三峡库区水土流失综合治理及其成效

Comprehensive Control and Achievements of Soil and Water Erosion in Three Gorges Reservoir Region of Yichang City

宜昌市长江上游水土保持重点防治区三峡库区土地总面积 8372 km2 ,其中土壤侵蚀面积 4 710 .2 2km2 ,占 5 6 .2 6 %。这里山高坡陡 ,降雨集中 ,崩塌、滑坡频繁 ,移民迁建任务重 ,水土流失严重。选择坡改梯、经果林基地作为突破口 ,实施点、线、面措施优化布局 ,达到条、块、带状分布格局 ,建成了综合防治体系 ,优化了土地利用结构和农业生产结构 ,水土流失得到初步控制 ,生态环境明显改善 ,具有特色的茶、柑等支柱产业发展迅速 。

The area of Yichang soil and water conservation major region of upper reaches of the Yangtze rive area totals 8 372 km 2, of which the area of soil erosion is 4 710.22 km\+2, accounts for 56.26%. The area of middle mountain accounts for 89.1%, the area of steep slop (>25°) accounts for 68.35%. The amount of precipitation of flood season accounts for 70.25% of annual rainfall. Besides collapse and landslide disasters are frequency, and Three Gorges project will expropriate and irrigate 100.5 km\+2 of land area of three county, the sum of migrants is about 0.136 million. So anthropogenic soil and water loss become more serious. We should firmly seize the opportunities of 'Yangtze treatment project implementing', make terrace on slop and establish production forest projects and take them as a breakthrough, implement the comprehensive measures to optimize the structure and shaped the pattern of strip transect and block. We developed soil and water conversation integrative protection system while optimized the land structure of utilization and the pattern of agriculture, and we have essentially controlled the soil and water loss. Now, the annual runoff volume has been reduced, the annual soil erosion amount has been reduced 5.22 million tons and increased settlement of 37 per km\+2. Through the increasing development of characteristic prop industry of orange and tea, we have accelerated the sustainable socioeconomic development.