论卡夫卡《变形记》中的隐性叙事手法

Covert progression embodied in The Metamorphosis by Kafka

近年来,从叙事学角度对卡夫卡作品的研究主要聚焦于叙事视角、叙事风格、叙事策略等方面,而对作品中的隐性叙事手法却少有涉及。如申丹教授所言,很多叙事作品在情节的发展上存在双重叙事运动。《变形记》的显性情节背后就存在一种描述主人公焦虑体验的隐性叙事进程,这一股由格里高尔的语言焦虑、身份焦虑和情感焦虑所建构的叙事暗流,像漩涡一样层层交织又不断加剧,隐性叙事进程和显性叙事进程互为补充、并列前行,微妙地勾勒出现代西方社会个体在社会压力下的焦虑体验,揭示出西方社会对个体心灵的扭曲。对《变形记》隐性进程的探讨有助于我们深入了解作为作家的卡夫卡的精神孤独和焦虑体验,洞悉卡夫卡作品深厚的哲学内涵和美学蕴藉。

Franz Kafka＇s works have long been discussed in narrative perspectives,narrative styles and narrative techniques,but rarely from the perspective of a covert progression.Professor Shen Dan has put it that the plot development of many narrative works contain dual narrative dynamics.This paper is meant to lay bare the dual narrative dynamics in The Metamorphosis,namely,a covert progression consists of mixed anxiety behind the overt plot,implicitly complementing and contradicting each other in describing the anxiety and distortion of people.The investigation of this covert progression helps to explore Kafka＇s unique philosophy and esthetics and reveal Kafka＇s isolation and his anxiety as a writer.