论黄道周对儒家传统孝道观的重建与拓展——以《孝经集传》为核心

On Huang Daozhou's Reconstruction and Expansion of Traditional Confucian Filial Piety: Taking Xiaojingjizhuan for Example

儒家传统孝道观在明代中晚期呈式微之态,对此,黄道周撰著《孝经集传》,力图从学术根基、思想理论与核心规范三方面拯救和重建儒家的孝道观。在学术层面,黄道周肯定《孝经》是六经之本,从文本上为孝道思想提供经典权威依据。在理论层面,黄道周肯定孝是天地之经义、人性之规定,确证孝的形上依据,并以"敬"为孝之本,确立孝的道德情感根基。在规范层面,黄道周坚持事亲以孝、事君以忠,在忠孝关系上,他对于移孝作忠多有质疑,主张孝高于忠,忠服从于孝。黄道周的《孝经集传》丰富了儒家传统孝道思想内涵,推动了明清时期儒家孝道观的发展。

The traditional Confucian filial piety had been declining since the middle of Ming Dynasty,Huang Daozhou therefore composed Xiaojingjizhuan,hoping to reconstruct it from the academic foundation,ideological theory and core ethics. Academically,Huang Daozhou affirmed Xiaojing was the base of six classics,providing an authoritative basis for the traditional filial piety. Theoretically,Huang Daozhou confirmed that filial piety was the lawof Heaven and Earth and the essence of human nature,offering a metaphysical basis for filial piety. At the moral principles level,Huang Daozhou insisted that filial piety was prior to loyalty so that the latter should be subordinate to the former. In conclusion,Huang Daozhou＇s Xiaojingjizhuan promotes the development of the Confucian traditional filial piety in Ming and Qing dynasties.