美国处理海洋权益与领土争议的实践与成因

Practices and Factors for the United States to Deal with Disputes over Maritime and Territorial Rights

领土边界争议问题是影响国家关系和地区稳定的重要因素,处理不当容易导致国家间的对抗和战争。作为当今世界上综合国力最强大的国家,美国也与一些国家存在海洋权益与领土上的争议。第二次世界大战之后,美国在处理领土和海洋权益争议问题上主要采取了四种做法,包括放弃要求、外交谈判、提交国际仲裁以及搁置争议等。美国在处理领土和海洋权益问题时均注意追求国家利益和基于某些价值的原则,美国的上述做法也是如此。正是基于利益和原则的双重考虑,美国采取了上述的处理海洋权益和领土争议的做法,从而使之避免了与有关国家的关系恶化和陷入由此而产生的难以掌控的冲突之中。

Territorial and boundary dispute is an important factor in international relations and regional stability.It will easily lead to confrontation and war between countries if mishandled.As the most powerful country in the world,the United States also has disputes over maritime and territorial rights with the other countries.After World War II,the United States has adopted four main approaches in dealing with disputes over territorial and maritime rights,including waiver of claims,diplomatic negotiations,submission to international arbitration and suspension of disputes.When dealing with territorial and maritime rights and interests,the United States focuses on pursuing national interests as well as principles of certain values.By the consideration of interests and principles,the United States adopted those approaches in dealing with maritime rights and territorial disputes,thus avoiding deterioration of relations with the involving countries and unexpected conflicts.