论系统误差的分类及减小的方法

Classification and Reduction Method of Systematic Error

绝对误差是系统误差与随机误差的代数和,说明测量结果的精确度不仅取决于随机误差,更取决于系统误差,由于它不易发现,故应该更加注意其影响,由于它不及被抵偿性,所以不能用求平均值的方法加以消除。但是,由于系统误差是有规律的误差,其产生的规律经过仔细研究是可以掌握的,因此可以采取一些技术措施消弱或消除其对测量结果的精确度的影响。

This paper introduces the classification and experimental comparison method of systematic error in detail,argues that the absolute error is the algebraic sum of systematic error and random error,and states that the accuracy of measurement results not only depends on random error,but also depends on systematic error. However,because it is not easy to be found,it cannot be eliminated by solving the average value. Some technical measures are proposed to weaken or eliminate the influence of them on the accuracy of measurement results.