明代蝗灾中的知县形象及其书写

The Image of County Magistrates and Its Writing in Combating the Plague of Locusts in the Ming Dynasty

有明一代,在应对蝗灾问题上,国家从制度层面构建出一套相对完整并且行之有效的治理模式。地方发生蝗灾但灾情信息未传递到中央之前,处于救灾一线的知县应采取措施积极应对,主要包括勘报灾情、捕蝗、灭蝗和祝祷治蝗等,这些措施体现出主动性与适应性相结合的特征。救灾举措体现了知县在应对灾害时的不同态度以及在治蝗过程中的现实状态,从文献记载中也可看出对知县形象的塑造。

In the Ming Dynasty,the government establishes a relatively complete and effective model to combat the plague of locusts.When there is the plague of locusts in counties and before it is reported to the central government,the county magistrates are supposed to take countermeasures,involving investigating and reporting the disaster,catching and eradicating locusts,and praying to God for help.These countermeasures not only reveal the attitudes of county magistrates toward combating the disaster and the actual situation of the locust control,but reflect the shaping of the image of county magistrates in historical records as well.