隧道洞口段施工安全事故统计与风险因素分析

Statistics of Construction Safety Accidents and Analysis of Risk Factors in Tunnel Portal Section

隧道洞口段施工是隧道施工中最薄弱的环节之一,为有效降低事故并对隧道工程建设安全管理提供参考,在统计隧道施工安全事故主要类型的基础上,阐述隧道洞口工程施工安全风险特点,提出影响隧道洞口段施工安全的因素为地质因素、水文气象因素、工艺与技术方案因素、施工组织因素和其他因素。按照产生原因、类型、所处阶段对隧道洞口段施工安全事故进行统计分析,分析结果表明:地质因素和施工组织因素是影响隧道洞口段施工安全最为关键的两个因素;进口段(包括进洞前准备阶段、进洞后施工阶段)较出口段的安全事故率高,应重点关注;在隧道洞口段施工过程中,防坍塌工作形势依然严峻。

The construction of tunnel portal section is one of the weakest links in tunnel construction,in order to effectively reduce accidents and provide reference for the safety management of tunnel construction,based on the statistics of main types of tunnel construction safety accidents,this paper expounds the characteristics of construction safety risks of tunnel portal section,and puts forward that the factors influencing the construction safety of tunnel portal section are geological factors,hydro-meteorological factors,technological and technical scheme factors, construction organization factors and other factors. Statistical analysis is made on the construction safety accidents in the tunnel portal according to the causes,types and stages. The analysis results show that geological factors and construction organization factors are the two most critical factors influencing the construction safety accidents in the tunnel portal. The safety accident rate of the import section（ including the preparatory stage before entering the hole and the construction stage after entering the hole） is higher than that of the export section,which should be paid special attention to. During the construction of tunnel portal,the anti-collapse work situation is still grim.