罂粟“替代种植”的实践困境与反思--基于缅甸视角的分析

The Practical Dilemma of “Opium Poppy Control Alternative Development” in Myanmar and Its Reflection

作为一项跨国界经济活动和民生行动,"替代种植"是推动缅北地区罂粟禁种的可行路径,深刻影响着中缅边境地区的跨境少数民族社会转型和生计方式变革。当前对罂粟"替代种植"成效的评价更多的是立足于"替代种植"项目实施主体(中国及境外国家相关政府部门及企业),视角较为单一地呈现"替代种植"的积极意义。相反,"替代种植"项目实施对象(缅甸民众及相关人士)对"替代种植"实施效果的态度却被忽视了。基于此,笔者通过访谈调查,有针对性地了解缅甸各界人士对罂粟"替代种植"的态度和看法,从主位视角出发分析罂粟"替代种植"的现实困境,进而提出有必要从国家宏观战略的高度重新定位"替代种植"的目标和取向,反思"替代种植"的行动策略。

As a transnational economic activity and livelihood action, ＂opium poppy control alternative development＂is a feasible path for banning poppy cultivation,which has deeply affected cross-border ethnic groups＇ social transformation in China-Myanmar border areas. Current evaluation of opium poppy control alternative development focused on analysis of positive meaning from the perspective of project implementation subject. Conversely,the attitude of project implementation object is ignored. Because of this,the author interviewed the opinions and attitudes of Myanmar people towards ＂opium poppy control alternative development＂, and analyzes practical dilemma of＂opium poppy control alternative development＂ from emic perspective. This paper argues that it is necessary to reflect on the goals, orientation and action strategy of＂opium poppy control alternative development＂.