我国传统村落保护研究述评

On the Protection of Traditional Villages in China

传统村落的保护与发展是实施乡村振兴战略的题中应有之义,是学界重点关注的课题。基于CNKI数据库对相关文献进行统计量化,运用文献分析法,系统回顾我国传统村落保护相关研究,从传统村落保护研究理论与方法、保护主体与对象、保护方法与效果评价等方面归纳总结研究进展。(1)借鉴国外相关理论开展应用研究,研究方法和技术手段不断丰富;(2)保护主体从政府主导逐步转向村民主体,保护对象逐步由建筑单体转向村落系统、从个体村落转向区域整体;(3)保护方法逐步从关注村落保护转向注重村落发展、从静态固化保护转向动态活化利用,保护效果评价逐步从定性转向定量与定性相结合。我国传统村落保护研究成果日渐丰硕,多学科综合研究体系日趋完善,研究广度和深度不断扩展。但在理论自主创新、研究方法现代化、保护主体参与机制、保护对象区域网络化构建以及活化保护模式等方面仍存在研究不足。未来我国传统村落保护研究重点加强中国特色传统村落保护理论体系构建、现代科学技术方法运用、文化提升与区域网络化保护方法探索、动态追踪保护与活化保护模式与机制研究等方面,从而为我国传统村落保护实践提供科学指导,为乡村振兴战略实施提供启示。

Abstract： The protection and development of traditional villages are important in implementing the strategy of Rural Revitalization, which the academic circles pay close attention to. Based on the CNKI database, the relevant literature was quantified statistically, and the method of literature review was used to review the researches on their protection in China systematically. The research progress was summarized from many aspects of traditional village protection researches, such as theories and re- search methods, protection subjects and objects, protection methods and effect assessment. （1）Ap- plying foreign relevant theories to conduct applied research, research methods and technical means are continuously enriched; （2）The main body of protection gradually shifts from government to villagers, and the object of protection gradually shifts from single building to village systems and from individual village to whole region; （3）The method of protection gradually shifts from focusing on village protec- tion to its development, from static and solidified protection to dynamic and activated utilization, and the assessment of protection effectiveness gradually shifts from qualitative assessment to the combined one. The research results of traditional village protection in China are becoming more and more abun- dant. The multidisciplinary comprehensive research system is increasingly perfected, and the breadth and depth of these researches are continuously expanding. However, there are still some shortages in theoretical innovation, the modernization of research methods, the participatory mechanism of the main protection part, the regional network construction of the protection object, the activated protec- tion mode, and so on. In the future, the protection of traditional villages in China will focus on strengthening the theoretical system construction of traditional village protection with Chinese charac- teristics, the application of modem scientific and technological methods, the exploration of methods for cultural advancement and networked regional protection, the tracking dynamic protection and acti- vation protection models and mechanisms and so on. These will provide scientific guidance and en- lightenment for the traditional village protection practice and the implementation of the strategy of Ru- ral Revitalization in China.