高速公路上匝道自动驾驶交通排放影响分析

Impact Analysis of Traffic Emissions of Autonomous Vehicles at Highway On-ramp

针对自动驾驶汽车(AVs)大规模实地测试条件尚不成熟的问题,应用计算机数值仿真实验,分析AVs与手动驾驶车辆混合行驶下的交通排放.考虑AVs与手动驾驶车辆在反应延时以及安全跟车时距上的差异性,应用智能驾驶模型分别构建两类车辆的微观跟驰模型;考虑AVs与手动驾驶车辆混合行驶时车辆空间位置的随机性,设计高速公路上匝道计算机数值仿真实验;以数值仿真实验结果为基础,应用交通流排放与油耗评价模型,分析不同AVs比例对交通排放及油耗的影响.研究结果表明:交通排放与油耗随着AVs比例的增加而下降;相比于手动驾驶车辆,100%比例的AVs可将排放与油耗降低73.17%~80.57%,但当AVs比例小于10%时,排放与油耗的降低小于8.22%.

In view of the immature conditions of large-scale field test of Autonomous Vehicles （AVs）,computer numerical simulation experiments are applied in this paper to analyze traffic emissions mixed with AVs and manual-driven vehicles.Taking into account the differences of AVs and manual-driven vehicles on response time and safe headway time,this paper employed the Intelligent Driver Model （IDM） to present microcosmic car-following models of these two vehicle types.Computer numerical simulations were designed by taking into consideration the randomness of space positions of AVs and manual-driven vehicles in the mixed traffic flow.Then based on the simulation results,the impacts of traffic emissions and fuel consumption were calculated under different AVs proportions by using the evaluation model of traffic emissions and fuel consumption.The research results show that traffic emissions and fuel consumption decrease with the increase of AVs proportions.Compared with manual-driven vehicles,traffic flow of AVs with 100% proportion can reduce the traffic emissions and fuel consumption by 73.17%-80.57%.However,when the proportion of AVs is less than 10%,the reductions of traffic emissions and fuel consumption are no more than 8.22%.