季碳手性氨基酸的合成研究进展

Research Progress in Synthesis of Quaternary Carbon Chiral Amino Acids

氨基酸是组成多肽和蛋白质的基本单元,对于生命系统的构建和运行是不可或缺的。由氨基酸组成的多肽类药物具有适应症广、安全性高、疗效显著等优势。在合成上,氨基酸衍生物常作为催化剂或者配体起作用,受到化学家们的青睐。其中季碳手性氨基酸由于立体位阻的影响,化学性质相对比较稳定,由其组成的多肽对化学试剂和水解酶具有一定的抗性,往往可以得到意想不到的效果。因此,化学家们一直在寻找合成季碳手性氨基酸的方法。综述了近年来季碳手性氨基酸不对称反应(不对称催化Strecker反应、不对称催化Mannich反应、氨基酸衍生物的烃基化反应)的研究进展。

Amino acids are the basic units that constitute polypeptides and proteins,which are essential for the construction and running of living systems.Polypeptide drugs composed of amino acids have the advantages of wide range of indication,high safety,and significant effect.Amino acid derivatives often function as catalysts or ligands in synthesis,which are preferred by chemists.Among them,quaternary carbon chiral amino acids are relatively stable due to steric hindrance,and the polypeptides composed of them have certain resistance to chemical reagents and hydrolytic enzymes,which often have unexpected effects.Therefore,chemists have been searching for the ways of synthesizing quaternary carbon chiral amino acids.We review the research progress in the asymmetric reaction of quaternary carbon chiral amino acids in recent years,including asymmetric catalytic Strecker reaction,asymmetric catalytic Mannich reaction,and alkylation of amino acid derivatives.