试论西周先王的德政思想——以萧光远《鹿山杂著》篇什为例

On the Virtuous Administration Thought in the Western Zhou Dynasty——A Case Study of Poems in Lushan's Miscellaneous Works

萧光远《鹿山杂著》中的篇章论述了西周先王以商纣亡殷为鉴,从而述及周先王唯德是行、以德让贤、德胜于才,将"德"作为为政治世的核心思想。这种内涵十分丰富的思想,在西周时期的铭文与文献中多次出现,足证"德"不仅是西周统治者修身正心的重要思想内容,也是兴国安邦的行动指南。周大王积德行义,周初便有民归如市之情形;王季因心则友;成王制礼作乐,亲致太平;成康周命方新,守成有余;宣王废籍料民,虽知先王创业之艰,但中兴不足。这也正体现了"艰虞则淬励精神,暇豫即放佚心志"的中国传统的儒家道德思想。

The chapters in Xiao Guangyuan＇s Lushan’s Miscellaneous Works discuss that the early kings of the Western Zhou Dynastytook Shang Zhou＇s death as a lesson, and that the former kings of Zhou Dynasty regarded ＂virtue＂ as the core thought of the governance,in which everything was done only by virtue and virtue was superior to talent. This very rich connotation of the thought appear manytimes in the Western Zhou Dynasty inscriptions and documents, fully proving that ＂de＂ is not only the important thought the rulers ofthe Western Zhou Dynasty used for self-cultivation, but also a guide to rejuvenate and secure the country. For example, many farmersreturned back home in the early period of Zhou dynasty thanks to the King’s virtuous governance; Wang Ji made friends by virtue, etc,all of which embodies Chinese traditional Confucius thought.