多元化健康教育护理干预在早产儿眼底筛查中的作用

The role of diversified health education and nursing interventions in eyeground screening for premature newborns

目的探讨多元化健康教育护理干预在早产儿眼底筛查中的作用,提升家属疾病认知以及筛查意识。方法2016年8月至2017年8月于我院出生的200例早产儿以及其家长,随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各100例,对照组家长采用发放宣传手册等常规健康教育,观察组家长采用多元化健康教育护理干预。完成健康教育后对所有家长进行眼底疾病知识调查和家长满意度调查,并比较两组家长的遵医情况,记录两组早产儿的眼底疾病筛查结果。结果两组家长干预后对视网膜出血、视网膜病、家族性渗出性玻璃体视网膜病变知识得分均显著高于干预前,且观察组得分高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组满意度(92.00%)显著高于对照组(65.00%)(P<0.05);观察组家长预防眼部感染、疾病认知、观察视力发展、定期检查等遵医率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);两组早产儿眼底疾病有视网膜出血、视网膜病、家族性渗出性玻璃体视网膜病变、视网膜色素沉积、先天性白内障,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论开展多元化健康教育护理干预,提高了早产儿家长对新生儿眼底疾病知识、筛查意识以及遵医性,有助于早产儿眼底疾病的筛查与防治。

Objective To investigate the effect of diversified health education and nursing interventions in eyeground screening for premature newborns in order to raise the consciousness of eyeground screening.Methods Two hundred preterm infants bom in our hospital from January 2015 to January 2017 and their parents were divided into control and observation groups through the digital randomization method, 100 in each group.Parents in the control group were given routine health education such as distributing brochures while parents of the observation group received diversified health education and nursing interventions.After the completion of health ed-ucation, the knowledge awareness of fundus diseases among all parents and the parents＇ satisfaction about the health education and nursing interventions were investigated.Then, the compliance degree between the two groups were compared, and the eyeground screening results were recorded.Results After intervention, a significantly increase occurred in the knowledge awareness scores of retinal hemor-rhage ,retinopathy and familial exudative vitreoretinopathy in the two groups when compared to before interventions, and the scores in the observation group were higher than those in the control group （P 〈0.05）.The satisfaction degree was 92% in the observation group, which was significantly higher than that of the control group （65% ） （ P 〈0.05 ）.The compliance rates of eye infection prevention, dis-ease cognition, visual acuity development and regular examination in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group （P 〈0.05）. However, the incidence of fundus diseases of preterm infants including retinal hemorrhage, retinopathy Reti-nal myelinated nerve fiber,retinal pigment deposition and congenital cataract showed no significant difference between the two groups （P 〉0.05 ） .Conclusion The implement of diversified health education and nursing interventions can improve the eye disease knowl-edge, screening awareness and compliance of parents of premature newborns.This contributes to screening, prevention and treatment of retinopathy of premature infants.