黔西南烟区不同海拔高度对烤后烟叶化学成分的影响

Effects of Different Altitudes on Chemical Composition of Flue-cured Tobacco in Qianxinan Area

为优化烟叶生产布局和卷烟工业原料差异化的选择提供参考,以烤烟品种云烟87为试验材料,研究黔西南烟区不同海拔高度(1 200~1 399m,1 400~1 599m,1 600~1 800m)对烤后烟叶化学成分的影响。结果表明:随着海拔高度增加,同部位烟叶的总糖和还原糖含量均呈上升趋势;下部叶淀粉含量呈下降趋势,中、上部叶淀粉含量呈先降低后升高趋势;蛋白质、总氮和烟碱含量随海拔升高呈下降趋势,低、中海拔烟叶的烟碱含量均在适宜范围,高海拔烟叶烟碱含量偏低;钾含量的变化规律不明显,同部位烟叶氯含量呈先降低后升高趋势,钾、氯含量整体偏低。烤后烟叶化学成分协调性以1 200~1 399m烟区最好,其次为1 400~1 599m烟区,再次为1 600~1 800m烟区。

In order to provide references for distribution optimization of tobacco production and differentiated selection of raw materials of cigarette industry, using Yunyan 87 as materials, the authors studied the effects of different altitudes （1 200-1 399 m,1 400-1 599 m,1 600-1 800 m） on the chemical composition of the flue-cured tobacco in Qianxinan. The results showed that： With the increasing of the altitudes, the total sugar, reducing sugar contents of the same part of the flue-cured tobacco showed increasing trends. The lower leaf starch showed a downward trend while the middle and upper leaves starch showed a tendency to decrease first and then rise. Protein, total nitrogen and nicotine decreased with the increasing of the altitudes. The nicotine content of tobacco leaves in low and medium altitude was within the appropriate range while nicotine content was low in high altitude. The change of potassium content was not obvious. The chlorine content showed a tendency to decrease first and then rise. The content of potassium and chlorine was low. The chemical composition of the tobacco leaves was the best in the tobacco area at low altitude （1 200-1 399 m）, followed by the middle altitude （1 400-1 599 m）, and then was the high altitude （1 600-1 800 m）.