狮子形象:文化互动与汉译三名——狮子与中华文化性格研究之一

The Image of Lion: Cultural Interaction and Three Chinese Translation Versions——A Study on Lion and Chinese Cultural Character

狮子在其起源地有不同的文化形象,地中海诸文化中的人面兽身的司芬克斯和拉玛苏,兽面兽身的格里芬,这些形象演进到伊朗,有娜娜型的人主兽辅,其中格里芬,在伊朗加上了神马因素,在草原文化中加上了神鹿的因素。在印度文化中,同样有毗湿奴化身的半人半狮型,有迦梨女神的人主兽辅型,有阿育王柱的狮本相,有桑奇塔门楣的翼狮相。不同文化后面的观念体系又是不同的。狮子传入中国,其汉语译词,定型在三大语汇上:狻猊、师子、狮子。三词后面有不同的观念支撑。

The lion, in terms of its original place, has the following three different cultural images. As far as Mediterranean type is concerned, there are several representatives, such as Sphinx with human face and beast body, Lamassu and Griffin with beast face and body. With the evolution later on, the image of lion developed into the variant type of Iran and Prairie, such as Nana type （human as master with beast accessory）, Griffin added with divine horse factor, and prairie culture inte- grated with divine deer factor. In Indian culture, there are also various kinds of images related to lion, such as Vishnu type （ half body and half human）, Goddess Kali type （ human as master with beast accessory）, Ashoka Pillar type （ lion＇ s origi- nal appearance）, and Sanchi Stupa lintel type （wing lion appearance）. Due to their different cultural conception systems, generally speaking, there are three Chinese translation versions for lion, namely ＂狻猊 （Suan-ni）＂, ＂师子 （Shi-zi）＂, and ＂狮子 （Shi-zi） ＂.