肿瘤免疫治疗研究现状及发展趋势

The Current Situation and Trends of Cancer Immunotherapy

肿瘤免疫治疗是继传统的手术、化疗、放疗之后的一种新兴的肿瘤治疗手段,因其具有特异性高、疗效显著等优点而备受学者们的关注。随着对肿瘤微环境和肿瘤逃逸机制的深入了解,调动机体免疫系统去抵御肿瘤逐渐成为一种新的研究方向。肿瘤免疫治疗主要包括特异性疗法和非特异性疗法,目前以肿瘤疫苗和单克隆抗体为代表的特异性免疫疗法在临床上得到广泛应用,并显示出良好的发展前景。但肿瘤免疫治疗仍存在认识不足、临床适应证有限等问题,与此同时,我国肿瘤免疫治疗的发展较国外仍相对不足且面临一些特殊的问题。本文将对目前已有的肿瘤免疫治疗方法及评价体系进行综述,并对一些新的技术手段和治疗思路展开讨论,此外还将结合国内外最新研究进展深入探讨这一新兴疗法的缺陷及未来的发展趋势。

Tumor immunotherapy is an emerging treatment after traditional treatment such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, this method has gained widespread attention for its advantages of high specificity, significant efficacy and so on. With of the further understanding of tumor microenvironment and the mechanism of immune escape, mobilizing the immune system to resist tumors has become a new research direction. Tumor immunotherapy mainly includes specific therapy and nonspecific therapy. At present, tumor vaccines and monoclonal antibodies as the representative of the specific immunotherapy are widely used in clinic and show excellent application prospect. However, tumor immunotherapy still exist such problems as lack of knowledge, limited clinical indications. At the same time, the development of tumor immunotherapy in China is still relatively inadequate and faced with some special problems compared with foreign countries. This article will review the existing methods and evaluation system of tumor immunotherapy and discuss some new technical measures and treatment thoughts. In addition, combing with the latest research progress at home and abroad, a discussion will be conducted to explore its defects and development trends of the future in depth.