生态环境损害“赔偿权利人”的解释论分析

Analysis on Interpretive Theories of the Holder of the Ecological Damage Compensation

作为生态环境损害赔偿权利人的政府组织生态环境损害赔偿磋商时贯穿着行政权力的运行,其作为原告提起生态环境损害赔偿诉讼时又蕴含着民事权利人的私法属性。以双阶理论为视角,生态环境损害赔偿权利人实际上体现了"行政机关+民事权利人"的双阶构造,行政机关于生态环境损害赔偿磋商中系行使公权力的行政机关,于生态环境损害赔偿诉讼中系民事权利人,此二者皆为行政机关达成其救济与修复受损生态环境之公行政任务的行政形式选择。生态环境损害赔偿权利人双阶构造说能够解释行政机关作为赔偿权利人时公法与私法、公权力与私权利交织的现象,破除政府"既当运动员又当裁判员"的悖论,为生态环境损害赔偿制度改革奠定理论基础。

The consultation on ecological damage compensation carries out by the holder of compensation reflects the administrative power. The lawsuit for ecological damage compensation lodged by the holder of compensation contains the nature of private law. Based on the perspective of the two-step theory, the holder of compensation essentially reflects a double-deck structure of ＂administrative agency ＋ the holder of civil right＂ . In the consultation on ecological damage compensation, the holder of compensation is the owner and executor of the administrative power. In the lawsuit for ecological damage compensation, the holder of compensation is the administrative organization. Both of these are the choice of administrative form rescuing and repairing the ecological damage compensation. The two-step theory of the holder of compensation can analyze the phenomenon of the mixture of the public law and the private law on the holder of compensation, and break the paradox which the government functions as the athlete and the referee as well.