海南省两个监测点2014年1-29岁人群乙型肝炎血清流行病学特征

Seroprevalence of hepatitis B among 1-29-year-olds in two monitoring settings of Hainan province,2014

目的分析海南省乙型肝炎（乙肝）监测点人群乙肝血清流行病学特征,评价乙肝疫苗（HepB）纳入免疫规划的乙肝防控效果。方法采用分层整群随机抽样抽取海口市和定安县1-29岁人群开展问卷调查,采集血标本进行乙肝病毒（HBV）血清学标志物检测。结果在533名调查对象中,HBV表面抗原（HBsAg）阳性率、HBV感染率、抗HBsAg抗体（Anti-HBs）阳性率分别为3.94%、12.95%、60.04%;其中1-4岁儿童HBsAg阳性率和HBV感染率分别为0.00%和0.60%,5-14岁分别为1.02%、2.03%,15-29岁分别为11.18%、37.65%;海口市、定安县HBs Ag阳性率分别为2.06%、6.22%,HBV感染率分别为10.62%、15.77%。1-4岁儿童HepB全程接种率、首剂及时接种率分别为100%、96.39%。结论 HepB纳入免疫规划显著减少了海南省监测点1-29岁人群特别是儿童的乙肝感染,应加强新生儿HepB首剂及时接种和经济欠发达地区人群的HepB接种工作。

Objective To analyze seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus（ HBV） among people in monitoring settings of Hainan province,and to evaluate the effect of hepatitis B prevention and control after hepatitis B vaccine（ HepB） was included into the Expanded Program on Immunization. Methods We used stratified cluster random sampling to select subjects aged 1-29 years in Haikou city and Ding＇an county for a questionnaire survey. We obtained blood samples to detect HBV markers. Results Among a total of 533 subjects,the HBV surface antigen（ HBs Ag） positivity rate,HBV infection rate,and antibody to HBs Ag（ Anti-HBs） positivity rate were 3. 94%,12. 95%,and 60. 04%,respectively. The HBs Ag positivity rate and HBV infection rate were 0. 00% and 0. 60% among 1-4 year-olds,1. 02% and 2. 03% among 5-14 year-olds,and 11. 18% and 37. 65% among 15-29 year-olds,respectively. In Haikou and Ding＇an,HBs Ag positivity rates were 2. 06% and 6. 22%,and HBV infection rates were 10. 62% and15. 77%,respectively. Among 1-4 year-olds,the full-series coverage of HepB was 100%,and the timely coverage with the first dose of HepB was 96. 39%. Conclusions The HepB immunization program significantly reduced hepatitis B infections of the 1-29 year old population,particularly among children,in monitoring settings of Hainan. We should enhance the timely first-dose HepB vaccination for newborns and HepB vaccination for the population in less-developed areas.