人格权的属性：从消极防御到积极利用

The Nature of Personality Rights:From Negative Defense to Positive Utilization

人格权制度本身具有开放性。随着社会经济的发展,人格权的类型越来越丰富。天赋人权理论虽然能够一定程度上论证人格权保护的正当性,但无法解决人格权确认、发展和保护等具体制度问题。时至今日,人格权不仅具有消极防御的属性,也日益具有积极利用的特征。这不仅体现在精神性人格权的积极使用上,也体现在物质性人格权的必要支配上。人格权消极防御与积极行使并存的特征,意味着仅仅通过对人格权类型的简单列举加上侵权法的救济规范,难以实现对人格权的充分保护和有效利用。只有通过强化人格权立法,并在民法典中独立成编地规范人格权,才能充分回应社会需求,建立科学的、面向未来的人格权制度。

The institution of personality rights is open to change. With socio-economic development in China, there are more and more types of personality rights. The theory of divine rights can justify the legitimacy of protection of personality rights to some extent, yet it cannot revolve specific issues about confirmation, development and protection of personality rights. To date, personality rights are not only negative rights but also increasingly positive rights. This is manifested in both the positive use of spiritual personality rights and necessary control of material personality rights. The co-existence of defensive and positive personality rights means that it is difficult to effectively protect and utilize personality rights by simply listing out types of personality rights and applying the remedial rules from torts law. Only through improving the legislation on personality rights and introducing an independent chapter on personality rights in China＇s civil code, can we respond to social needs sufficiently and establish a scientific and pro- gressive institution of personality rights.