刑事非法证据“柔性排除”研究

On the Soft Exclusion of Criminal Illegal Evidence

非法证据排除规则的实施不一定必须通过刚性适用规则、正式作出排除决定这一种方式。专门机关通过主动弃用或者撤回有关证据即所谓的"柔性排除",可柔化"刚性排除"难以克服的若干阻力,保障非法证据排除规则最低限度的实效性。"柔性排除"既是司法实践的产物,又是我国非法证据排除制度的一大特点。它契合我国职权信赖的刑诉理念和对非法证据排除规则的特殊定位,也是层层把关式刑事诉讼构造的必然要求。当然,"柔性排除"的既有优势和正向功能,并不能完全掩盖其对构筑以"审判为中心"的刑事诉讼新格局等可能存在的负面影响。当务之急,应通过合理规制,增强"柔性排除"的程序正当性,避免"柔性排除"的乱用与滥用。

Strict exclusion is not the only way of carrying out the rule of excluding evidence illegally obtained. Specialized organs generally choose to abandon or withdraw relevant evidence, or soft exclu-sion, which can reduce resistance and increase the effect of excluding illegal evidence to ensure minimal thresholds for the effectiveness of the exclusionary rule. Soft exclusion is not only a result of judicial prac- tice, but also one major characteristic of the law of China concerning illegal evidence. Soft exclusion is in harmony with the concept of power-dependence and the special positioning of our exclusionary rule and is indispensible to the criminal procedural mode. Certainly, there exists negative influence in the future development of soft exclusion alongside its advantages and benefits. Therefore, reasonable regulation of soft exclusion is necessary, by which we can increase its procedural fairness and avoid its abuses and mis- use