不同市场条件下资源配置方式的演进研究——兼论供给侧结构性改革中供给侧应该如何变

Research on the Evolution of Resource Allocation in Different Market Conditions——How Should the Supply-side Be Changed in the Supply-side Structural Reform

本文以劳动价值论和古典—马克思增长分配曲线为理论基础,以古典—马克思工业时代、新古典工业时代和互联网时代的历史变迁为背景,通过资源配置的框架从单一变量到双元变量,同质性劳动拓展为异质性劳动,交换价值的形成从外生到内生的三层递进分析发现,时代的演进是供给侧根据不同市场条件下资源配置方式的创新来破除需求侧制约的过程。主要结论有三个。第一,市场条件是引发供给侧变化的主导变量。从古典—马克思工业时代到新古典工业时代再到互联网时代,市场条件正从超额需求转向饱和需求,这种结构变化决定了交换价值将取代使用价值成为资源配置的关键方式。第二,在新古典交换价值偏向型逻辑下,供给侧主要依靠价格这一量的外在形式指导生产,然而随着饱和需求的出现,价格越来越难以解决外生于生产环节的事后资源配置风险。第三,互联网是偏向事前交换价值的资源配置方式,可以有效将供给侧的认知性劳动内生化于价值决定过程,提前解决供给对象、供给内容和供给数量的精准认知,破除供给侧价格对需求侧快速变化响应滞后的制约。当前互联网对传统业态的颠覆式冲击已经彰显互联网认知性劳动超越工业时代的价格进行资源配置的趋势,具有时代的先进性和前瞻性。中国的供给侧结构性改革应该深刻理解这一时代变迁,摆脱单纯以价格等技术参数为先导的传统西方工业经济资源配置束缚;回归劳动价值论,加快释放以互联网为依托的认知性劳动活力,形成有中国特色的供给侧结构性改革道路。

Based on labor value theory and the classical Marx growth distribute curve,this paper seperates the history into three stages：the Classical-Marx Industrial Age,the New Classic Industrial Age and the Internet Age.This paper presents the framework through the resources allocation from single variable to dual variables,from homogeneous labor to heterogeneity labor,from the exogenous formation to the endogenous formation of exchange value.This paper proposes that the supply side will innovate according to the market resources allocation under different market conditions.The main conclusions are：（1）the market condition is the leading variable of the supply-side change.From the Classical-Marx Industrial Age to the Internet Age,the market condition is changing from excess demand to saturated demand.The structural change determines the use value will be replaced by the exchange value in the process of the allocation of resources.（2）Under the New Classic Industrial Age,supply-side relies mainly on the external form of price.However,with the appearance of saturated demand,the price is more and more difficult to be used to solve the ex-post risk of resource allocation exogenous of the production process.（3）As an ex-ante resource allocation form of exchange value,the Internet will effectively take the cognitive labor in the supply side into the process of value decision,solve the precise cognition of supply object,supply content and supply quantity in advance,and break the restriction of lagged response of supply-side price on demand-side changes.Now the Internet has formed tremendous shocks to traditional industries.The Internet cognitive labor is replacing the price mechanism in resource allocation.The supply-side of China should understand the change and get rid of the traditional industrial economic resource allocation which is guided by the technical parameters such as price.We should return to the labor value theory and speed up the release of the Internet-based cognitive labor force to form the Chinese characteristics path in the supply-side structural reform.