中国现阶段私营企业劳资关系的属性及特点——马克思主义政治经济学的解释

The Nature and the Features of the Labor-Capital Relationships in Private Enterprises in China——Explanations with Marxist Political Economy

本文运用马克思主义政治经济学的经济理论及研究方法,结合笔者对山西省私营企业劳资关系的调研,对中国现阶段私营企业劳资关系的属性及特点等进行了研究,认为中国现阶段私营企业劳资关系具有雇佣劳动、生产关系的从属性和依附性、政治法律地位平等和非对抗及共存共赢共享等属性,且具有非平衡性、非稳定性、非规范性及非协调性的特点。目前私营企业的劳资关系基本呈现出和谐发展的态势,私营企业主与员工之间的关系在总体上比较融洽。但私营企业中仍存在员工工作时间普遍超过国家法定工作时间、薪酬体系不健全、社会保障覆盖面较窄、福利待遇区别对待、劳动保护有所欠缺、劳动合同签约率较低、工会的组建流于形式等问题。政府、企业、员工及社会应共同努力,通过完善制度机制等多种渠道来促进和谐劳资关系的构建。

Adopting the economic theory and research methods of Marxist political economics,based on the author＇s field investigation and questionnaire survey on the labor-capital relationship in private enterprises in Shanxi Province,this paper studies the nature and the features of the labor-capital relationship in private enterprises in China today.The conclusions are as follows.The labor-capital relationship in private enterprises in China today is characterized by subordinate and dependent employment and production relations,equal political and legal status,non-confrontation,co-existence,win-win cooperation and interest-sharing,etc.The labor-capital relationship is also unbalanced,unstable,non-normative and uncoordinated.At present,the labor-capital relationship of the private enterprises in China shows basically a harmonious development trend：The relationship between private business owners and employees is generally harmonious,and the conflict between labor and capital is not obvious.However,private enterprises tend to require employees to work for more hours than what is officially stipulated and face simultaneously other challenges such as imperfect remuneration system,incomplete social security coverage,partial welfare benefits,insufficient labor protection,low labor contract signing rate and malfunctioning trade unions,etc.It is therefore suggested to promote the establishment of harmonious labor-capital relationship with efforts from various parties,including the government,the enterprises,the employees,and the society as well as through improving institutional mechanisms.