初中数学教科书几何内容分布的国际比较研究

International Comparative Study of Distribution of Geometry Content in Mathematical Textbooks of Six Versions in Middle School Level

初中数学如何选择几何内容,常常是数学课程改革争论的焦点之一.通过对中国内地、中国香港、新加坡、英国、澳大利亚和美国6个版本初中数学教科书几何内容比较分析得出：几何内容平均比重占29.61%.中国内地和中国香港教科书几何比重分别为40.18%与35.54%都超过均值,其它4个版本教科书都在均值之下.中国内地使用的教科书随年级增长而增加几何内容比重;美国教科书与之相反随年级增长而减少比重,同时其与新加坡教科书都重初始两个年级轻末尾年级比重;英国教科书几何内容平均分配比重;中国香港与澳大利亚教科书都是重首尾轻中间年级比重.除中国内地以外,其它版本都非常注重＂测量＂;中国内地教科书是立体几何知识容量唯一低于5%的版本.

One of the hot debate in the reform of mathematical curriculum was how to compose the proper geometry content in middle school level. Based on the whole middle school study, the percentage of distribution of geometry content in textbooks of Chinese mainland and Hong Kong were over 29.61% that was the average number of six different textbook versions. The former＇s was 40.18% and the latter was 35.54%. Conversely, there were four versions which were under this average number. From the first grade to the third grade, Chinese mainland＇s textbook was the unique to increase the percentage geometry content following by the increasing of grades. On the contrary, America decreases, meanwhile its percentages in first two years were higher than the last year＇s. Singapore had the similar situation to America. England＇s textbook chooses equal division in three grades. The version used in Hong Kong and Australia concentrate on both ends of grades rather than the middle. ＂Measure＂ was very important session in five textbooks except for C-PEPM. The percentage of C-PEPM composed into the content of 3-dementional geometry was the only one lower than 5%.