洛克“意志自由”思想探析

A Study on Locke's “Free Will”

关于"意志是否自由",洛克在《人类理解论》前后五个版本中给出了不同的回答,由此便引起了学界关于洛克"意志自由"思想的广泛争议。尽管洛克承认意志具有暂停能力因而是自由的,但他并未给出详细解释。本文从洛克自由、意志的概念入手分析"意志自由"问题,并试图从当代心灵哲学中的"施动者"和"一阶欲望与二阶动机的关系"等角度对洛克"意志何以自由"的问题给出一种解释,以期贯通洛克"意志自由"问题的内核,即自由的双向选择性。正是由于"意志自由",自然法才能为人们所认识。

Previous research on Locke’s liberty thought focused mainly on his＂free will＂,which is a controversial issue,because there are different views in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding that run into 5 editions.Meanwhile,Locke admits that the will is free because its suspension ability,but he dose not explain it in detail.This study starts with the concept of freedom and will and then analyse the issue of＂free will＂,and to give an explanation of the question that＂why will is free＂according to the agent and relationship between first-order desire and second-order belief.Through the research on＂free will＂in Locke’s thought,it may be found that it is coherent for Locke’s free will because of two-way selectivity of freedom.Because of＂free will＂,we can know the law of nature.