论海德格尔《存在与时间》中的“天命共同体”

On the Community of Destiny in Heidegger's Being and Time

在当代政治哲学研究中,共同体已经成为理解正义的一个重要"关键词"。德国哲学家海德格尔立足于欧洲大陆哲学传统,在《存在与时间》中提出了独特的共同体观念即"天命共同体"。海德格尔一改英美政治哲学以权利为基础、以个人和共同体相互关系为思考点构建不同"共同体"之理论方式,而是以"生存论—存在论"为基础,以一种前理论的生活态度面对政治哲学。"天命共同体"即是这一思路的架构结果。"天命共同体"的"本真性"和"可能性"为此在提供前政治的处境,并以内部团结和外部斗争作为此在展现自己的"历史性"。"天命共同体"不但为我们思考共同体提供了全新的理论视角,而且也为我们分析海德格尔的纳粹倾向提供了新的理论契机。

In contemporary political philosophy,community has become a keyword to interpret justice.In Being and Time,based on the continental tradition of philosophy,German philosopher Heidegger constructed a unique concept of community:"the community of destiny".Departed from British-American political philosophy which is based on rights,and develop different concepts of community from the perspective of relationship between individuals and community,Heidegger confronted political philosophy with a pre-theory altitude,and rooted his thoughts on"existential ontology"."The community of destiny"is a consequence of this thinking.The authenticity and possibility of"the community of destiny"provided a pre-political condition for Dasein,and exhibited the historicity of Dasein among inner unity and outer conflicts."The community of destiny"reveals not only a newtheoretical perspective for the concept of community,but also offered a newangle to probe into the analysis of Heidegger’s Nazi inclinations.