城市分工、地级市规模扩大与普遍富裕

City Division of Labor,Prefecture-level City Expanding and Universal Opulence

以分工经济学理论为基础,通过构建城市层级演化的理论模型分析发现,随着城市制成品产业生产水平和交易分工水平的提高,城市集聚的差异化制成品产业将在城市间重新优化组合,城乡二元部门中才能演化出次级中等规模城市并趋于扩大这一城市规模,此时城市层级结构优化会促使城市人口在空间上趋于均衡分布,这有利于提高居民收入水平,缩小居民收入差距,实现普遍富裕。需要特别强调的是,每一层级规模的城市均高度专业从事本城市内经济效益趋同化产业制成品的生产,而分工造成城市分层产生和次级中等规模城市规模扩大的关键点有两个方面:城市内差异化制成品产业的边际效益及承担交易成本能力的差异、城市公共服务供给能力差异所带来的交易效率改进的大小。最后,利用中国283个地级市2005—2013年的面板数据,通过稳健的计量检验证实了上述命题。

Based on the inframarginal economics, a theoretical model about city hierarchy evolution is established. The analysis show that the city differentiated manufactured products will renewedly assemble as a best way as the raising degree of division of labor and professionalization about manufactured products in city, and the subordinated medium - sized cities just can evolve to exist but continue growing for being big- ger and bigger, which can be advantageous for raising people＇s income as well as lessening the gap among people with the final results of realizing universal opulence. Emphasized especially, the cities for same layer in the whole cities hierarchy will embark on the production for highly assimilated industry, while the two key factors for this evolving process are as the follows： the difference for marginal benefits and bearing abil- ity in transaction cost about city differentiated manufactured products, the high - low in transactional effi- ciency for city public service delivery capacity. Then the panel data are used to make econometric analyses and verify the above proposition successfully.