数字化制造、草根创新与可持续发展——英国创客发展特征及启示

Digital Manufacturing,Grass-root Innovation and Sustainable Development: Characteristics of the Maker Movement in the UK and the Implications

英国的创客发展呈现出以数字化制造技术为工具、以草根创新为路径和以可持续发展为目标的特征。数字化制造不仅推动了英国数制经济的发展,也对传统的手工艺产生影响,并对国民的数字教育提出新的要求;草根创新不仅体现在英国创客空间的自发形成与治理,也是英国创客群体的主要行为特征;同时,英国创客在实践中以推动经济和社会的可持续发展为己任,积极进行材料研究、促进循环经济的发展和自给自足社区的构建。我国的创客发展或可参照英国经验,以创客空间和创客教育为载体提升民众的数字技能、构建支持草根创新的体制网络,并鼓励创客在实践中着力可持续项目的研发及社区构建。

The maker movement in the UK is characterized by： digital manufacturing technology as the tool, grass-root innovation as the pathway and sustainable development as the orientation. Digital manufacturing has not only promoted the digital economy in the UK, but also influenced the traditional craft and necessitated new requirements for the digital education of citizens. In the UK, grass-root innovation is not only embodied in the bottom-up formation and management of the makerspaces but also featured in the makers＇ daily practice. Meanwhile, aiming at sustainability in both economic and social development, makers in the UK are actively engaging in material research, circular economy and building up self-sustainable communities. These may shed light on the development of maker culture in China; for instance, we should upgrade the digital skills of citizens with makerspaces and maker education as the carriers, build up institutions and networks to support grass-root innovation, and to encourage makers to work on projects for sustainability and community building.