湖南不同地区居民锑的膳食暴露水平及地理分布趋势分析

Antimony diet exposure and geographical distribution trends in Hunan

目的掌握湖南不同地区居民总锑的膳食暴露水平及地理分布趋势。方法收集2014—2016年湖南省14地州市食品样品1 586份,样品取可食部分切碎、粉碎(匀浆)、混匀后称取试样0.5~1 g(精确至0.001 g)于微波消解罐内,加4 m L浓硝酸和2 m L 30%过氧化氢,放置30 min后,密闭旋紧内罐置于微波炉内,调节升温程序进行消解,其消解液采用AFS-230E型双道原子荧光光度计进行荧光强度测定,通过标准曲线法计算样品中总锑含量。将食品中锑含量×居民食物每日摄入量/标准人体重,计算得出各地区居民每人每日单位体重锑的平均膳食暴露量(居民食物摄入量数据源自《湖南省常住居民营养与健康状况现状分析》)。再取每个地区中心位置的经度和纬度值作为坐标值(x,y),使用Suffer 8.0软件把拟合的最优趋势方程得出的各地区居民锑的膳食暴露趋势数据和坐标数据,绘制趋势分析等值线图,分析其地理分布趋势特征。结果湖南各区域食品中总锑含量中位数由高到低分别为湘中(0.021 0 mg/kg)、湘北(0.009 2 mg/kg)、湘东(0.009 0 mg/kg)、湘南(0.007 8 mg/kg)和湘西(0.007 7 mg/kg)。湘东、湘南、湘中、湘西和湘北地区的居民锑膳食平均暴露量分别为1.19、0.90、0.75、0.55、0.40μg/(kg·BW)。结论湖南东部地区居民膳食锑的暴露量明显偏高,并且在湘东、湘中地区均有高峰值出现,其他区域都处于一个相对较低范围。

Objective To understand the antimony diet exposure and geographical distribution trends in Hunan Province.Methods A total of 1 586 samples were collected from 14 districts in Hunan Province. The edible part of samples were cutup and mixed up, then 0.5-1 g sample was taken into microwave digestion tank with 4 m L nitric acid and 2 m L 30% hydrogenperoxide for 30 min before digestion. The digestion solution was measured by atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer（AFS-230 E）, and the total antimony content in the sample was calculated by the standard curve method. The multiply antimonycontent in food was calculated by daily intake per standard weight to get average dietary exposure of antimony. The contour mapwas drawn with the data and longitude and latitude, the trend surface isograms of diet exposure dose was drawn by the Suffer8.0 soft. Results The median of diet exposure of antimony from high to low in Hunan Province was the midland（0.021 0 mg/kg）, north（0.009 2 mg/kg）, east（0.009 0 mg/kg）, south（0.007 8 mg/kg） and west（0.007 7 mg/kg）. The average of diet exposureof antimony in the east of Hunan Province was 1.19 μg/（kg·BW）, which was 0.90 μg/（kg·BW） in the south, 0.75 μg/（kg·BW） inthe middle, 0.55 μg/（kg·BW） in the west and 0.40 μg/（kg·BW） in the north areas. Conclusions Compared to the rest parts ofHunan Province, there is a relatively higher exposure of antimony in the east. The peaks of diet exposure of antimony areobserved in the east and middle areas.