危险化学物质的微流控合成与制备技术

Microflow synthesis and preparation of hazard chemical materials

含能化合物属于一类易燃易爆的危险化学物质,极易受到机械、热和静电等刺激而发生爆炸。传统的含能化合物合成、分离、提纯、细化和包覆等工艺采用本质安全性低的间断式反应釜工艺,缺点是安全性低和线上爆炸物留存量大。微流控反应器具有大面积/体积比和小尺寸微通道,能够在爆轰临界直径下合成,而且线上留存爆炸物很少,为本质安全型。本文对比了连续相微流控、嵌段流微流控技术在化学合成上的技术优势,得出嵌段流微流控解决了晶体产物堵塞微反应通道的难题,提高了反应物的混合效率,是高敏感性含能化合物合成和制备最有前景的创新技术。

Energetic materials are flammable and explosive hazard chemical materials which might explode with an slight excitation,such as the mechanical force,the heat and the static electricity.The conventional processes of synthesis,separation,purification,refining and coating for energetic materials use the internal stirred vessel technology,with a low safety and with large scale explosives kept in line.The microchannel reactor is an essential security technology,because of high ratio of surface/volume and small microchannel,in which the size of the microchannel can be designed in smaller size than the detonation critical diameter of explosives,with a small amount of explosives in line.The continuous phase micro-flow technology is widely used in synthesis and analysis of chemical materials,but the microchannel is easily blocked by solid products.The micro-segmented flow treatment is easier than that of the continuous phase flow.The innovated microsegmented flow technology is specifically suitable for the synthesis of high sensitivity hazard compounds,because of its capabilities in block-free and high efficiency mixing.