水环境中抗生素和抗性基因污染特征及控制措施

Pollution characteristics and control measures of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in the aquatic environment

抗生素作为一类抗菌类药物被广泛用于医疗、农业和畜牧业等领域,因其使用量大并能诱导产生耐药菌株,对人类健康和生态环境造成巨大威胁。在梳理近年来地表水环境中抗生素相关研究的基础上,阐述了水环境中抗生素和抗性基因的污染来源和污染特征,分析了环境浓度水平下抗生素污染对人群和生态环境的影响,讨论了水环境中抗生素污染的控制措施及目前研究的主要问题,并对今后的研究进行了展望。

Antibiotics are widely used in medical, agricultural and animal husbandry fields, however, they can induce drug-resistant bacteria and resistance genes, posing a great threat to human health and ecological environment. Based on a comprehensive analysis of antibiotics and their resistance genes in the aqueous environment, this paper reviews the current state of knowledge on antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes, including their sources and migration paths, the occurrence and concentration levels in aquatic environment, and their possible ecotoxicity. Besides, the control measures of antibiotics pollution in the water environment are discussed and current research topics on antibiotics are proposed as well.