东北地区农业适应气候变化技术体系框架研究

The framework of agricultural technology system adaptive to climate change in Northeast China

随着气候变化及其所带来的影响日益显著,目前适应气候变化越来越成为全球关注的热点问题。东北地区是中国重要的粮食生产基地,气候变化影响下东北农业生产变化将直接引起中国粮食安全问题。从气候变化角度着手,梳理了气候变化对东北农业影响的关键问题,分析指出近年来气候变化对东北地区农业4个最突出的影响：热量资源呈现增加趋势,旱涝灾害频次与强度增大,极端低温冷害事件下降,农业病虫害损失显著加重。针对这4个关键问题,从作物抗逆品种选育、作物应变耕作栽培、农田基本建设、种植结构调整、病虫害防治、农业保险等不同方面形成东北农业适应技术体系框架。

The impacts of climate change are becoming more and more remarkable. So adaptation to climate change has gradually turned into a global hotpot. Northeast China is an important base of grain production, the impact of climate change on which will directly cause fluctuations of the grain production in China. From the perspective of adaptation to climate change, the key challenges to agriculture due to climate change are analyzed. According to the analysis, four key problems are discussed, which are the increasing heat resources, the rising frequency and intensity of drought and flood disasters, the declining extreme events of low temperature and chilling, and significantly increasing plant diseases and insect pests damage. In view of the above influencing key issues, the adaptation technologies are classified into six categories, namely capital construction of farmland, selection and breeding of anti adversity varieties, tillage and cultivation of crops to cope with disasters, adjustment of planting structure, pest control, and agricultural insurance. In this paper, the key technologies of adaptation to climate change in Northeast China are identified and optimized. They and assorted technologies are assembled and integrated to form a framework of technology system adaptive to climate change. This paper may provide some theoretical guidance and technical support to the adaptation work in different regions and sectors of China to speed up the activities of adaptation to climate change.