新疆兵团机采棉发展现状与建议

Development Status and Suggestions of Mechanical Harvest Upland Cotton in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps

棉花是兵团农业的支柱产业,兵团棉花产量占全国的四分之一以上。兵团机械化采棉经过二十年的发展已走在全国的前列,但机采棉生产仍然存在适宜机采棉花品种少、种质资源匮乏、机采棉种植技术有待于进一步研究完善、脱叶催熟剂使用亟待规范、清理加工技术不优化、残膜污染严重等问题,导致近年机采棉质量下滑。今后需加强机采棉种质资源创新与新品种选育,完善机采棉配套栽培技术体系,改造生产机具、加工装备以及残膜污染治理技术。

Cotton is the mainstay industry of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,and the cotton yield accounts for more than a quarter in China. After 20 years of development,the mechanical harvest upland cotton in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps has been leading in China. However,the production of mechanical harvest cotton remains lot of problems such as lack of cotton varieties specific for mechanical harvest,lack of germplasm resources,imperfect planting technology,unoptimization of method of using defoliant ripening agent,and the unoptimized technology of cleaning processing. Also,the residual membrane pollution is serious,and the verticillium wilt of cotton field is worsening year by year. These problems caused the quality of mechanical harvest cotton to decline in recent years. In the future,it is need to strengthen germplasm innovation and new variety breeding of mechanical harvest cotton,to improve the cultivation techniques,to improve production and processing equipments,and to control residual membrane pollution.