汉兴三《论》原始考异

Study on Origins of the Three Versions of Analects of Confucius in the Early Han Dynasty

汉兴三《论》是否出自同一原本,悬而待决。《古》出自孔壁,《齐》、《鲁》出处未明。然三《论》结集,则始自孔壁《古论》,至石渠阁会议而定型。而作为《齐》、《鲁》标志性结集本的王吉、夏侯胜二家,晚至宣帝时方出现。由此推之,《齐》、《鲁》分别出自对《古》的重新整理。此从比对《史记》、《汉书》可证此一推论。

It is still in suspense that whether the three versions of Analects of Confucius in the early Han Dynasty derive from the same original book. In view of their origins,the Ancient Analects of Confucius refers to the one that was discovered in the wall of Confucius＇ mansion while the origins of Analects of Confucius of Qi Kingdom and Analects of Confucius of Lu Kingdom are unknown. However,the compilation of each of the three versions was fixed between the classics discovery in the wall of Confucius＇ mansion and the Shiquge Conference. The symbolic versions of Analects of Confucius of Qi Kingdom and Analects of Confucius of Lu Kingdom were compiled by Wang Ji and Xiahou Sheng,and emerged until the period of Emperor Xuan. In this way,it can be inferred that both Analects of Confucius of Qi Kingdom and Analects of Confucius of Lu Kingdom came into being from rearrangements of the Ancient Analects of Confucius. Comparisons with Records of the Historian and History of the Han Dynasty can validate this inference.