ILC细胞的生物学功能与免疫调节作用

Research Progress on The Biological Functions and Immunoregulatory Effects of Innate Lymphoid Cells

ILC细胞即固有淋巴样细胞(innate lymphoid cells),是近年来新发现的一群参与固有免疫的淋巴细胞,根据其表达的转录因子、接受和分泌的细胞因子的不同可以将其分为不同类群.ILC细胞来源于骨髓中的共同淋巴祖细胞(CLP),并可经由淋巴样祖细胞(αLP)、早期淋巴样前体细胞(EILP)、共同辅助淋巴样前体细胞(CHILP)、ILC前体细胞(ILCP)等发育分化为成熟的ILC细胞类群.ILC细胞能够通过与周围环境中的神经细胞、上皮细胞、基质细胞、适应性免疫细胞、髓系细胞、共生菌群等相互作用,协调环境中的信号并广泛参与抗病原体感染、炎症疾病发生、器官形成及组织修复、癌症发生、代谢及生物节律等生物学过程.ILC细胞可能作为新的治疗靶点和治疗手段,对相关疾病进行干预治疗.本文拟就ILC细胞的分类、发育分化、免疫调节、生物学功能、疾病干预策略及研究展望等方面的研究进展进行综述.

ILCs（innate lymphoid cells）, new members of innate immunity, have been discovered over last ten years. According to transcription factors they express and cytokines they secret, ILCs can be divided into different groups. Common lymphoid progenitor cells（CLPs） in bone marrow can differentiate into α-lymphoid progenitors（αLP）, early innate lymphoid progenitor（EILP）, common helper ILC progenitor（CHILP）, helper ILC progenitor（ILCP） gradually and finally generate mature ILCs. ILCs receive signal from environment through interacting with nerve cells, epithelial cells, stromal cells, adaptive immune cells, myeloid cells, microbiota and can participate in a lot of biological processes such as pathogen infection, chronic inflammation disease, organogenesis, tissue repair,cancer, metabolism and circadian rhythm. In some cases, ILCs play a redundant role which tell us ILCs may be selected as new therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize recent research progress on innate lymphoid cells including their classification, development and differentiation, interaction with other cells, biological processes,therapeutic strategy and future prospects.