机械球磨法制备纳米CL-20/TATB共晶炸药

Nanometer CL-20/TATB Co-Crystal Fabricated by Mechanical Milling Methodology

本研究将CL-20和TATB放在一起进行球磨处理,制备平均粒径为61.3 nm的CL-20/TATB共晶炸药。用扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射、红外、X光电子能谱、热分析、热红外联用及感度试验对CL-20/TATB样品及其原料进行了表征和测试。结果表明,球磨后炸药的微观形貌呈类球形,粒度呈正态分布。机械球磨作用并未改变炸药原有的分子结构和表面元素,但XRD测试表明球磨后的CL-20/TATB有新晶相生成。CL-20/TATB样品的热分解活化能和速率常数较原料更高,说明CL-20/TATB的分解速率更快。CL-20/TATB的热分解产物为CO_2、N_2O和NO_2,另有少量NO和H2O生成。CL-20/TATB的机械感度非常低,5kg落球下特性落高大于90 cm,摩擦感度爆炸百分比只有6%,但热感度高于原料CL-20和原料TATB,5 s爆发点只有269.8℃。

Nano CL-20/TATB co-crystal was prepared by mechanical milling method. The mean particle size of the milled sample was 61. 3 nm. SEM and TEM were employed to characterize the particles size and micro-morphology. IR was used to study the molecular structure of the milled sample. XPS was used to detect the surface elements of the sample. DSC and DSC-IR were enlisted to investigate the thermal decomposition properties. Mechanical and thermal sensitivities tests were conducted to disclose the safety of the sample. SEM and TEM image indicated that the milled sample was spherical particles. IR and XPS spectra illustrated that the molecular structure and surface element were not change after mechanical milling. New crystal phase appeared in the XRD pattern. The activation energy and rate constant of thermal decomposition of CL-20/TATB co-crystal was higher than that of raw materials. This indicated that CL-20/TATB has higher decomposition rate. The main products of thermal decomposition of CL-20/TATBare CO2,N2 O,and NO2,as well as a small amount of NO and H2 O. The mechanical sensitivity of CL-20/TATB is very low. The drop weight（H50） of 5 kg is higher than 90 cm,and the explosion probability（P）is only 6%; however,thermal sensitivity of CL-20/TATB was higher than raw CL-20 and raw TATB,and its 5 s burst point was only 269. 8 ℃.